Economy · X-Factor Notes
India - Population revision notes for UPPCS Prelims.
57 revision facts
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Natural Population Growth | Determined by Crude Birth Rate and Crude Death Rate. | IAS (Pre) 2012 |
| Demographic Transition | Refers to a gradual change in the manner of population growth over a long period. | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016 |
| First Census (Non-synchronous) | Conducted in 1872 during the tenure of Lord Mayo. | M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990; UPPCS (Pre) 2001; UPPCS RO-ARO 2023 Prelims Re-Exam |
| First Regular/ Scientific Census | The first synchronous census was held in 1881, initiating regular censuses every ten years. | U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2007 |
| Year of 'Great Divide' | 1921, notable as the only Census year recording a negative decadal growth rate (-0.31%), after which population growth continuously accelerated. | UPPCS (Pre) 2007, 2009;U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Re-Exam) (Pre) 2016 |
| Phases of Population Growth (20th Century) | 1901-1921: Stagnant growth; 1921-1951: Steady growth; 1951-1981: Rapid high growth; 1981-2001: High growth with definite signs of slowdown. | I.A.S. (Pre) 2002 |
| Census 2011 Motto | 'Our Census, Our Future'. | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016 |
| Population Growth Rate (2001-2011) | The decadal growth rate was 17.7 percent (lowest recent rate). | UPPCS (Mains) 2012, 2015, 2017 |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Total Population (2011 Census) | 121.08 crore (1,21,08,54,977). | |
| India's World Share | India accounts for approximately 17.5 percent of the World Population and 2.4% of the Earth's land area. | UPPCS (Spl.) (Mains) 2008; UPPCS(Pre) 2012; U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016 |
| Most Populous State (2011) | Uttar Pradesh (199.8 million). | UPPCS (Pre) 2012, 2021 |
| Descending Order of State Population (2011) | Uttar Pradesh > Maharashtra > Bihar > West Bengal. | UPPCS(Pre) 2013; UPPCS Pre-2024 |
| Uttar Pradesh Population Comparison | UP's population exceeds the total population of countries like the U.K., Germany, Japan, and Pakistan. | UPPCS (Pre) 2001, 2010 |
| Demographic Dividend | India is considered to have a 'Demographic Dividend' due to a high proportion of population in the productive age group (15-64 years). | I.A.S. (Pre) 2011; UPPCS (Mains) 2009 |
| Age Composition (2011) | Population under 14 years is about 29 percent. Population below 35 years of age is approximately 65.6 percent. | U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2013; UPPCS (Mains) 2012 |
| Malthusian Theory | Population grows in geometrical (exponential) progression, while subsistence grows arithmetically (linear). | UPPSC Pre-2024 |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| India's Density (2011) | 382 persons per sq. km. | |
| Highest Density (State, 2011) | Bihar (1106 persons/sq. km). Bihar is the third largest state in India by population and the most densely populated. | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017; UPPCS RO-ARO 2023 Prelims Re-Exam |
| Descending Density Order (2011) | Bihar > West Bengal > Kerala > Uttar Pradesh. | U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006; UPPCS RO-ARO 2023 Prelims Exam |
| Least Densely Populated State (2011) | Arunachal Pradesh (17 persons/sq. km). | UPPCS (Pre) 2021; I.A.S. (Pre) 2007 |
| Highest Density (Union Territory, 2011) | Delhi (11,320 persons/sq. km). | U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004; UPPCS RO-ARO 2023 Prelims Re-Exam |
| Highest Density (UP District, 2011) | Ghaziabad (3971 persons/sq. km for the city/UA). | UPPCS (Mains) 2012 |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Literacy Rate Calculation | Calculated from the population above the age of 7 years. | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2014 |
| Literacy Rate (India, 2011) | 73.0 percent. | UPPCS (Mains) 2012 |
| Highest Literacy Rate (State, 2011) | Kerala (94.0%). Low growth rate in Kerala is attributed to heavy investment in promoting literacy and social policies. | I.A.S. (Pre) 1999; UPPCS (Mains) 2002 |
| Highest Literacy Rate (UT, 2011) | Lakshadweep. | I.A.S. (Pre) 2006; UPPCS RO-ARO 2023 Prelims Re-Exam |
| Highest Female Literacy Rate (State, 2011) | Kerala. | U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010 |
| Highest Percentage of SC Population (2011) | Punjab (31.9%). > HP > WB > HAR > UP | UPPCS (Pre) 2000; I.A.S. (Pre) 2005 |
| State with Zero SC Population (2011) | Nagaland. | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Re-Exam) (Pre) 2016 |
| Highest ST Population (Number, 2011) | Madhya Pradesh > MH > OD > RAJ | UPPCS (Mains) 2016 |
| Most Urbanized Religious Group (2011) | Jain (80%) Muslims and Christians (40% urban) Buddhists (over 43% urban) Hindus (29% urban) Sikhs (28% urban) | UPPSC 2022 Prelims GS Paper -1 |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Sex Ratio (India, 2011) | 943 females per 1000 males. | UPPCS (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2015 |
| Highest Sex Ratio (State, 2011) | Kerala (1084). > PUD > TN | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2014; UPPCS RO-ARO 2023 Prelims Re-Exam |
| Lowest Sex Ratio (State, 2011) | Haryana (879) > JK > PUJ > UP | U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004; |
| Sharpest Decline in Sex Ratio (Decade) | 1961-1971. | |
| Child Sex Ratio (CSR) Trend (2001-2011) | Declined from 927 to 919. | UPPCS (Mains) 2017 |
| Highest Child Sex Ratio (State, 2011) | Chhattisgarh (969, among options/discussion points). | UPPCS(Pre) 2012 |
| Rural vs. Urban Sex Ratio (2011) | Rural sex-ratio (949) is higher than urban sex-ratio (929). | UPPCS (Mains) 2017 |
| Total Fertility Rate (TFR) for Replacement Level | Must be 2.1 per woman. | U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2020 |
| TFR (NFHS 2015-16) | 2.2. | UPPCS (Pre) 2018 |
| Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) | IMR target under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was 28 per 1000 live births by 2012. Latest IMR is 25 (SRS 2023) | U.P.P.C.S (Mains) 2011; UPPCS (Pre) 2000 |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Percentage (2011) | 31.3 percent | UPPCS RO-ARO 2023 Prelims Exam |
| Criteria for Census Town (2011) | Minimum population of 5,000; at least 75% of male population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; density of population must be at least 400 persons per sq. km. | UPPCS (Pre) 2009 |
| Most Urbanized State (Percentage, 2011) | Goa (62.2%). | UPPCS (Pre) 2003; UPPCS RO-ARO 2023 Prelims Re-Exam |
| Least Urbanized State (Percentage, 2011) | Himachal Pradesh (10.0%). | UPPCS (Mains) 2002; U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021 |
| Highest Urban Population, (2011) | Maharashtra (followed by UP and Tamil Nadu). | U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010 |
| Highest Rural Population (Proportion, 2011) | Himachal Pradesh (90.0% rural population). | UPPCS (Mains) 2008 |
| Slum Population Concentration | Highest percentage of population living in slums is in Mumbai (41.3% of urban households, 2011). | Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002 |
| Descending Order of Slum Population (2011) | Maharashtra > Andhra Pradesh > West Bengal > Uttar Pradesh. | UPPCS (Mains) 2009 |
| World Urban Population Milestone | For the first time, more than half of the world’s total population became urban in the year 2008. | UPPCS (Mains) 2009 |
| New Population Bomb | Refers to the rapidly growing urban population in the Third World. | I.A.S. (Pre) 1993 |
| Megapolis | The word 'Megapolis' was first used by Jean Gottmann. | UPPCS RO-ARO 2023 Prelims Re-Exam |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| First Country with Family Planning Programme | India was the first country in the world to adopt the National Family Planning Programme (started 1952). | I.A.S. (Pre) 2005; UPPCS (Mains) 2011 |
| National Population Policy (2000) | Originally aimed to achieve replacement level of fertility (TFR 2.1) by 2010. | I.A.S. (Pre) 2005 |
| Village Level Health Worker (NRHM) | Known as ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist). | UPPCS (Mains) 2017 |
| World Population Day | Celebrated on July 11 every year. | UPPCS (Mains) 2015; UPPCS RO-ARO 2023 Prelims Re-Exam |
| The Population Bomb (Book) | Authored by Paul R. Ehrlich. | UPPCS RO-ARO 2023 Prelims Re-Exam |
