Economy · X-Factor Notes
India - Urbanization revision notes for UPPCS Prelims.
39 revision facts
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Distinction between City and Village | Defined by differences in social values, household composition, way of living, and economic activities. | UPPCS (Spl.) (Mains) 2004 |
| Urban Growth Indicators | Includes rise in total urban population, rise in number of urban centres, rise in total population of a country, and rise in income from urban areas. | UPPCS (Pre) 2007 |
| Causes of Urbanization | Include high rate of migration (rural to urban), increasing educational institutions in cities, and high rate of industrialization. | UPPCS (Pre) ( Re-Exam) 2015; U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015 |
| Impact of Urbanization | Reduces both the birth rate and the death rate due to higher economic development and controlled fertility rate. | UPPCS (Pre) 2007 |
| New Population Bomb | Refers to the rapidly growing urban population in the Third World. | I.A.S. (Pre) 1993 |
| "Megapolis" | The word was first used by Jean Gottmann. | UPPCS RO-ARO 2023 Prelims Re-Exam |
| Urban Corridors | Concerned with the expansion of urban functions and activities through transport facilities development. | UPPCS (Mains) 2009 |
| Defining a Census Town (2011) | Must have minimum population of 5,000; at least 75% of male population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; and density must be at least 400 persons per sq. km. | UPPCS (Pre) 2009 |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| India's Urbanization Status | Classified as a moderately-low urbanized country. | U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998 |
| Urban Population Percentage (2011) | Approximately 31.3% | ; UPPCS RO-ARO 2023 Prelims Exam |
| Total Urban Population (2011) | Approximately 37 crore (377.1 million). This population exceeds the total population of the USA. | U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014; UPPCS (Pre) 2000; Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003 |
| Most Urbanized State (Percentage) | Goa (62.2% urban population). | U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl.) (Mains) 2010; UPPCS (Pre) 2003; UPPCS RO-ARO 2023 Prelims Re-Exam |
| Least Urbanized State (Percentage) | Himachal Pradesh (10.0% urban population). | UPPCS (Mains) 2002; U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021 |
| States with Highest Urban Population (Volume) | Maharashtra (highest volume) and Uttar Pradesh (second highest volume) concentrate more than one-fourth of India's urban population. | UPPCS (Spl.) (Pre) 2008; U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010 |
| Decending Order of Urbanization (Percentage) | Goa > Mizoram > Tamil Nadu > Kerala > Maharashtra. | UPPCS (Spl.) (Pre) 2008 |
| Highest Urban Density (State) | West Bengal. | UPPCS(Pre) 2013; U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013 |
| Least Urbanized UT | Andaman and Nicobar Islands (37.7% urban population). | UPPCS (Mains) 2008 |
| Lowest Number of Villages (UT) | Daman and Diu (25 villages). | UPPCS (Mains) 2014 |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Classification of Urban Centers | Divided into 6 tiers based on population size by the Census Department. | UPPCS (Spl.) (Pre) 2008 |
| Small Towns Category | Includes Class IV, V, and VI towns (population less than 20,000). | UPPCS (Mains) 2007 |
| Population Share of Class I Cities | Account for about 70% of the total urban population. | U.P. B.E.O. (Pre) 2019 |
| Million-Plus Urban Agglomerations (UA) | Total 53 million-plus UAs/cities existed in India in 2011. | U.P. B.E.O. (Pre) 2019 |
| Percentage of Metropolitan Population | Population of metropolitan cities accounted for 42.61% of India's total urban population in 2011. | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017 |
| Most Populous City/UA (2011) | Greater Mumbai. | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016; Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007 |
| State Devoid of Million-Plus City (2011) | Odisha (among stated options). | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016; UPPCS (Mains) 2008 |
| Highest Urban Growth Rate (UP) | Recorded during the decade 1971-1981 (60.89%). | UPPCS (Mains) 2009 |
| Million Cities in Uttar Pradesh (2011) | 7 metropolitan cities. | U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015 |
| Highest Population Density (UP City, 2011) | Ghaziabad (3971 persons per sq. km). | UPPCS (Mains) 2012 |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Rural-Urban Migration | Migration of people from rural areas to urban areas is a primary characteristic of urbanization. | U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013 |
| Major Source of Migrants to Delhi | Uttar Pradesh. | UPPCS (Mains) 2005 |
| Roots of Urban Poverty | Lie in rural areas, primarily due to low literacy levels among migrants leading to poor job quality in cities. | UPPCS (Mains) 2010; U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013 |
| Highest Percentage of Slum Population | Mumbai (41.3% of urban households, 2011). | Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002 |
| Highest Slum Population (Volume, Descending Order) | Maharashtra > Andhra Pradesh > West Bengal > Uttar Pradesh. | UPPCS (Mains) 2009 |
| Maximum Cities Reporting Slums (Number) | Tamil Nadu (507 cities, 2011). | UPPCS (Mains) 2007 |
| JNNURM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission) | Mission named after Jawaharlal Nehru and launched in December 2005. Objectives included upgrading urban infrastructure, transport, sanitation/sewage, and providing basic services for the poor. Urban Electrification was NOT an objective. | UPPCS (Spl.) (Mains) 2004; UPPCS (Mains) 2010; U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013 |
| AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation) | Associated with revamping urban infrastructure. Thrust areas include Water supply, Sewerage facilities, Public Transport, Parks, and Storm water drains. | UPPCS (Mains) 2016; U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015; |
| India Urban Observatory | Situated in New Delhi. | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021 |
| Rural-Urban Relationship Committee | Formed during the period 1963-66. | |
| National Commission on Urbanization | Formed during the period 1985-88. |
