Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Relative humidity decreases with increasing air temperature.
Reason (R): Absolute humidity increases with increasing evaporation.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Solution
Assertion (A) is true. Relative humidity is defined as the ratio of the amount of water vapor present in the air to the maximum amount the air can hold at that temperature, expressed as a percentage. As air temperature rises, its capacity to hold water vapor increases (saturation vapor pressure increases). If the actual moisture content (absolute humidity) remains constant, the relative humidity decreases because the denominator (capacity) increases while the numerator stays the same.
Reason (R) is true. Absolute humidity is the mass of water vapor per unit volume of air. Evaporation adds water vapor to the air, thereby increasing absolute humidity.
However, R is not the correct explanation of A. The reason talks about a factor (evaporation) that increases absolute humidity, which would actually tend to increase relative humidity if temperature were constant. The decrease in relative humidity with temperature is due to the increase in saturation capacity, not due to evaporation. Therefore, both statements are true, but the reason does not explain the assertion.
Correct Answer: Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Exam pointersView
- Relative Humidity (RH): RH = (Actual vapor pressure / Saturation vapor pressure) × 100. It is temperature-dependent.
- Absolute Humidity: Mass of water vapor per unit volume of air (g/m³). It is independent of temperature.
- Saturation Vapor Pressure: Increases exponentially with temperature (Clausius-Clapeyron relation).
- Dew Point: The temperature at which air becomes saturated; a better indicator of actual moisture content than RH.
- Common Misconception: Many think that warm air always has higher RH, but actually warm air can hold more moisture, so RH may be lower even if absolute humidity is higher.
- Practical Applications: RH affects human comfort, weather phenomena (fog, precipitation), and industrial processes.
- Exam Tip: In Assertion-Reason questions, always check if the reason directly explains the assertion, not just whether both are true.
Primary trap
Assuming that because both statements are true, the reason must explain the assertion.
Solving technique
Analyze each statement independently for truth, then check if the reason directly explains the assertion.