Science · X-Factor Notes
Plant Physiology revision notes for UPPCS Prelims.
High-Yield Revision| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Photosynthesis Process | It is the process by which plants synthesize their food. The radiation energy of sunlight is converted into chemical energy. Solar energy converts into potential energy. | UPPCS (Pre) 1998, U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013 |
| Gaseous Requirement | Carbon dioxide () is essential for photosynthesis. Green plants absorb Carbon dioxide. Oxygen is not required for the process. | UPPCS (Pre) 2011, U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017 |
| Chlorophyll Function | Chlorophyll, the green pigment, is used for absorbing light. It absorbs light in the red and blue regions; green light is mainly reflected. | |
| Chlorophyll Composition | The element present in chlorophyll is Magnesium. | UPPCS (Pre) 2012, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013 |
| Location of Photosynthesis | Photosynthesis occurs in the Chloroplast. Solar energy is converted into ATP within the Chloroplast. | |
| ATP Consumption | 18 molecules of A.T.P. are involved in the synthesis of each molecule of Glucose. | Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2020 (Note: This question appears in the source with a non-UPPCS citation but the concept is core to the chapter section) |
| Active Light | The most active light for photosynthesis is Red light. | |
| Effect on Carbon Cycle | Photosynthesis does not increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the carbon cycle; it reduces it. | UPPCS (Mains) 2012 |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Water Transport | Water is transported in vascular plants by Xylem tissue. | U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2023, UPPCS (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015 |
| Food Transport | Phloem is mainly responsible for the transportation of food (organic nutrients) in higher plants. Phloem is composed of living cells. | U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015, UPPCS (Mains) 2012 |
| Nitrogen Uptake |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Non-Plant Hormone | Insulin is not a plant hormone; it is produced in the pancreas. | UPPCS (Mains) 2011, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015 |
| Gaseous Hormone | Ethylene is the plant hormone found in gaseous form. | |
| Drought Tolerance Hormone | Abscisic acid is the hormone related to drought tolerance (stress hormone). |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Vegetative Propagation | Produces clonal populations and can be practiced most of the year. The new plant is genetically identical to the parent. | |
| Clonal Selection | The procedure of selection used for asexually propagated crops is known as clonal selection, used in the production of Potatoes. | UPPCS (Mains) 2009 |
| Flower Importance |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Malaria Drug (Quinine) | Quinine is obtained from the Bark of the Cinchona tree. Arteether, another malaria medicine, is obtained from a seeded plant. | U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2005, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2016, U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2016 |
| Opium Source | Obtained from the dried latex of the Unripe Fruits of the poppy plant. Its main constituent is Morphine (12%). | UPPCS (Mains) 2011, U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2014, U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2016 |
| Plants receive Nitrogen in the form of Nitrate. |
| U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2021, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2016 |
| Water Absorption | The maximum amount of water absorbed by plants is through root hairs. | UPPCS (Mains) 2007 |
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| Oil Content | Sulphur is the nutrient most useful for enhancing oil content in mustard crop. | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021 |
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| Nodule Formation | Boron is necessary for Nodule Formation in legumes. | U.P. B.E.O. (Pre) 2019 |
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| Plant Growth (Trunk) | A nail nailed into the trunk of a tree at 1 m height will remain at the same position after 2 years, as growth primarily occurs at the tips and girth. |
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| Parasitic Plants | Cuscuta is a parasitic angiosperm. It absorbs prepared food, water, and minerals from the host via haustoria. | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016 |
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| U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013 |
| Hormone Functions Match | Auxin is related to Apical dominance; Gibberellin to Cell elongation; Cytokinin to Cell division; and Abscisic acid to Growth inhibition. | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2016 |
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| Fruit Ripening | Ethylene is the phytohormone mainly responsible for fruit ripening. Acetylene is the gas used for artificial ripening of green fruits. | UPPCS (Mains) 2009, UPPCS (Pre) 2006, U.P. Lower Sub (Pre) 2008, UPPCS (Mains) 2007 |
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| Seedless Fruits | Possible by spraying hormones on flowers. |
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| Pollination | Best defined as the transfer of pollen grain from anther to stigma. |
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| Hybrid Seed | Hybrid seed is changed every year in agriculture. | UPPCS (Mains) 2010 |
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| Flowering Stimulus | The stimulus for flowering is received by the leaves (site of florigen production). |
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| Match: Plant Parts | Fruit Ovary; Seed Ovule; Wood Stem; Starch Leaf. |
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| Asafoetida (Hing) |
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| Obtained from the dried latex/oleo-gum resin extracted from the roots (or rhizome/fleshy tap roots). |
| UPPCS (Pre) 2020, U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2016 |
| Ginger Morphology | Ginger is a modified stem (rhizome), not a root, because it has nodes and internodes. The edible part of turmeric is also the rhizome (underground stem). | UPPCS (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015, U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2021 |
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| Non-Stem Storage Organ | The storage organ of Sweet potato is a modified root, unlike potato, ginger, or sugarcane, whose storage organs are modified stems. | UPPCS (Mains) 2005, U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010 |
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| Clove Source | Cloves (a spice) are obtained from dried flower buds. | U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2021, UPPCS (Mains) 2011, UPPCS (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015 |
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| Caffeine | The most important stimulant present in tea leaves is Caffeine. | U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2017 |
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| Medicinal Plant Uses | Brahmi is a Brain Tonic; Sadabahar is Anti-diabetic; Pudina is Carminative; and Tulsi is an Expectorant. | UPPCS (Mains) 2004, UPPCS (Mains) 2008 |
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| Chilgoza | Obtained from the seed of Pine species. | UPPCS (Pre) 2009 |
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| Peppermint Oil | Peppermint oil has the maximum percentage of oil in the Leaf. | UPPCS (Pre) 2009 |
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| Litmus/Iodine Source | Litmus is obtained from Lichen. Seaweeds are an important source of Iodine. | UPPCS (Mains) 2010, UPPCS (Mains) 2015, U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017 |
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| Improved Varieties | Kanchan is an improved variety of Indian gooseberry. Co. 1148 is an important variety of Sugarcane. | U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015, UPPCS (Mains) 2017 |
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