Science · X-Factor Notes
Plant Physiology revision notes for UPPCS Prelims.
41 revision facts
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Photosynthesis Process | It is the process by which plants synthesize their food. The radiation energy of sunlight is converted into chemical energy. Solar energy converts into potential energy. | UPPCS (Pre) 1998; U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013 |
| Gaseous Requirement | Carbon dioxide ($\text{CO}_2$) is essential for photosynthesis. Green plants absorb Carbon dioxide. Oxygen is not required for the process. | UPPCS (Pre) 2011; U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017 |
| Chlorophyll Function | Chlorophyll, the green pigment, is used for absorbing light. It absorbs light in the red and blue regions; green light is mainly reflected. | |
| Chlorophyll Composition | The element present in chlorophyll is Magnesium. | UPPCS (Pre) 2012; U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013 |
| Location of Photosynthesis | Photosynthesis occurs in the Chloroplast. Solar energy is converted into ATP within the Chloroplast. | |
| ATP Consumption | 18 molecules of A.T.P. are involved in the synthesis of each molecule of Glucose. | Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2020 (Note: This question appears in the source with a non-UPPCS citation but the concept is core to the chapter section) |
| Active Light | The most active light for photosynthesis is Red light. | Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010 |
| Effect on Carbon Cycle | Photosynthesis does not increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the carbon cycle; it reduces it. | UPPCS (Mains) 2012 |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Water Transport | Water is transported in vascular plants by Xylem tissue. | U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2023; UPPCS (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015 |
| Food Transport | Phloem is mainly responsible for the transportation of food (organic nutrients) in higher plants. Phloem is composed of living cells. | U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015; UPPCS (Mains) 2012 |
| Nitrogen Uptake | Plants receive Nitrogen in the form of Nitrate. | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2021; U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2016; |
| Water Absorption | The maximum amount of water absorbed by plants is through root hairs. | UPPCS (Mains) 2007 |
| Oil Content | Sulphur is the nutrient most useful for enhancing oil content in mustard crop. | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021 |
| Nodule Formation | Boron is necessary for Nodule Formation in legumes. | U.P. B.E.O. (Pre) 2019 |
| Plant Growth (Trunk) | A nail nailed into the trunk of a tree at 1 m height will remain at the same position after 2 years, as growth primarily occurs at the tips and girth. | |
| Parasitic Plants | Cuscuta is a parasitic angiosperm. It absorbs prepared food, water, and minerals from the host via haustoria. | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016 |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Non-Plant Hormone | Insulin is not a plant hormone; it is produced in the pancreas. | UPPCS (Mains) 2011; U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015 |
| Gaseous Hormone | Ethylene is the plant hormone found in gaseous form. | |
| Drought Tolerance Hormone | Abscisic acid is the hormone related to drought tolerance (stress hormone). | U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013 |
| Hormone Functions Match | Auxin is related to Apical dominance; Gibberellin to Cell elongation; Cytokinin to Cell division; and Abscisic acid to Growth inhibition. | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2016 |
| Fruit Ripening | Ethylene is the phytohormone mainly responsible for fruit ripening. Acetylene is the gas used for artificial ripening of green fruits. | UPPCS (Mains) 2009; UPPCS (Pre) 2006; U.P. Lower Sub (Pre) 2008; UPPCS (Mains) 2007 |
| Seedless Fruits | Possible by spraying hormones on flowers. | I.A.S. (Pre) 1993 (Note: IAS included as source cited it in relevant section) |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Vegetative Propagation | Produces clonal populations and can be practiced most of the year. The new plant is genetically identical to the parent. | I.A.S. (Pre) 2014 (Note: IAS included as source cited it in relevant section) |
| Clonal Selection | The procedure of selection used for asexually propagated crops is known as clonal selection, used in the production of Potatoes. | UPPCS (Mains) 2009 |
| Flower Importance | The Flower is the most important part of the plant in terms of its life cycle (mediates union of gametes to produce seeds). | |
| Pollination | Best defined as the transfer of pollen grain from anther to stigma. | |
| Hybrid Seed | Hybrid seed is changed every year in agriculture. | UPPCS (Mains) 2010 |
| Flowering Stimulus | The stimulus for flowering is received by the leaves (site of florigen production). | |
| Match: Plant Parts | Fruit $\rightarrow$ Ovary; Seed $\rightarrow$ Ovule; Wood $\rightarrow$ Stem; Starch $\rightarrow$ Leaf. | I.A.S. (Pre) 1998 |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Malaria Drug (Quinine) | Quinine is obtained from the Bark of the Cinchona tree. Arteether, another malaria medicine, is obtained from a seeded plant. | U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2005; U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2016; U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2016; |
| Opium Source | Obtained from the dried latex of the Unripe Fruits of the poppy plant. Its main constituent is Morphine (12%). | UPPCS (Mains) 2011; U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2014; U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2016 |
| Asafoetida (Hing) | Obtained from the dried latex/oleo-gum resin extracted from the roots (or rhizome/fleshy tap roots). | UPPCS (Pre) 2020; U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2016 |
| Ginger Morphology | Ginger is a modified stem (rhizome), not a root, because it has nodes and internodes. The edible part of turmeric is also the rhizome (underground stem). | UPPCS (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015; U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2021; |
| Non-Stem Storage Organ | The storage organ of Sweet potato is a modified root, unlike potato, ginger, or sugarcane, whose storage organs are modified stems. | UPPCS (Mains) 2005; U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010 |
| Clove Source | Cloves (a spice) are obtained from dried flower buds. | U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2021; UPPCS (Mains) 2011; UPPCS (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015; |
| Caffeine | The most important stimulant present in tea leaves is Caffeine. | U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2017 |
| Medicinal Plant Uses | Brahmi is a Brain Tonic; Sadabahar is Anti-diabetic; Pudina is Carminative; and Tulsi is an Expectorant. | UPPCS (Mains) 2004; UPPCS (Mains) 2008 |
| Chilgoza | Obtained from the seed of Pine species. | UPPCS (Pre) 2009 |
| Peppermint Oil | Peppermint oil has the maximum percentage of oil in the Leaf. | UPPCS (Pre) 2009 |
| Litmus/Iodine Source | Litmus is obtained from Lichen. Seaweeds are an important source of Iodine. | UPPCS (Mains) 2010; UPPCS (Mains) 2015; U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017 |
| Improved Varieties | Kanchan is an improved variety of Indian gooseberry. Co. 1148 is an important variety of Sugarcane. | U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015; UPPCS (Mains) 2017 |
