Science · X-Factor Notes
Food Preservation, Nutrition, Medicines etc revision notes for UPPCS Prelims.
13 revision facts
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Food Preservation Definition | The process of treating and handling food to stop, control, or greatly slow down spoilage and minimize foodborne illness, while maintaining nutritional value, texture, and flavor. | - |
| Principles of Preservation | Primarily involves the removal or inactivation of microorganisms. | - |
| Refrigeration/Cold Storage | Preserves foods by reducing the rate of biochemical reactions (slowing microorganism growth). Longer storage life for fruits is achieved because the rate of respiration is decreased. | UPPCS (Pre) 2021; UPPCS(Pre) 2013; U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2011 |
| Wax Emulsion Use | Used on fruits and vegetables mainly for the extension of storage life (10 to 12 days). | U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010 |
| Chemical Preservative (General) | Sodium Benzoate ($\text{C}_7\text{H}_5\text{NaO}_2$), designated E211, is widely used. Benzoic Acid (or its salts) is also used for food preservation. | U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl.) (Mains) 2010; U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014; U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013; UPPCS (Pre) 1996; UPPCS (Pre) 1992 |
| Potato Chip Preservation | Potato chips are packed in a Nitrogen Atmosphere to prevent them from being oxidized, thus giving a longer shelf life. | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2016 |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Anaesthetics (Types) | General anaesthetics result in a reversible loss of consciousness; Local anaesthetics cause a reversible loss of sensation in a limited area without affecting consciousness. | - |
| Oil of Clove (Active Component) | The active component is Eugenol ($\text{C}{10}\text{H}{12}\text{O}_2$), a yellow aromatic oily liquid. | U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl.) (Mains) 2010; I.A.S. (Pre) 1997 |
| Incorrect Medicine Match | The pair Antiseptic – Aspirin is not correctly matched. Aspirin is an analgesic/antipyretic. | UPPCS (Mains) 2006 |
| Antibiotic Example | Penicillin is listed as an antibiotic medicine. | - |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Low-Calorie Sweetener (Aspartame) | Used because it is much sweeter than sucrose (table sugar), meaning only a small, low-calorie amount is required. | I.A.S. (Pre) 2005 |
| Sugar Types (Matching) | Grape Sugar is Glucose; Fruit Sugar is Fructose; Milk Sugar is Lactose; Table Sugar is Sucrose. | - |
| Jelly Making | Guava is the fruit most suitable for jelly making. | - |
