Science · X-Factor Notes
Diseases and Treatment revision notes for UPPCS Prelims.
37 revision facts
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| AIDS (HIV) | Caused by a Virus. Full form is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. HIV virus is an example of a Retrovirus. The dominant strain in India is HIV 1C. The virus contains RNA + Protein. It severely affects the immune system by damaging T-lymphocytes. Tattooing with unsterilized equipment can transmit Hepatitis B and HIV. | UPPCS (Pre) 1993, 2011; UPPCS (Mains) 2005; U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013; UPPCS (Mains) 2008; U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010; UPPCS (Spl.) (Mains) 2004 |
| Hepatitis | Hepatitis is caused by a Virus. Hepatitis B is a DNA virus. It directly affects the Liver. | UPPCS (Mains) 2011; U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl.) (Pre) 2004; U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006 |
| Polio | Caused by a Virus. The virus enters the body through polluted food and water. Jonas Salk discovered the polio vaccine. The Government of India transitioned from Trivalent to Bivalent Oral Polio Vaccine (ORV). | UPPCS (Pre) 1991, 1995; UPPCS (Mains) 2007; U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2010 |
| Dengue | Caused by a virus and transmitted by the female Aedes mosquito. Dengue fever causes a rapid decrease in Platelets in the human body. | UPPCS (Pre) 2012 |
| Smallpox | Caused by a virus and transmitted via infective droplets, requiring the patient to rest on a separate bed. | UPPCS (Pre) 1990 |
| Nipah Virus | Outbreak reported in Kerala (Kozhikode district) in May 2018. | UPPCS (Pre) 2018 |
| Pandemic Definition | An infectious disease that has spread across a large region (country/worldwide), affecting a substantial number of people. | UPPCS (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015 |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Tuberculosis (T.B.) | Caused by a Bacterium (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). It is the disease causing the death of the largest number of people today (outside of pandemic periods). Transmitted by air. BCG vaccine is used for prevention, ideally given just after birth. The specific test for detection is the Montoux Test. | UPPCS (Pre) 1990, 1991; UPPCS (Mains) 2004; UPPCS (Pre) 2015; U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2015; U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017 |
| DPT Vaccine | Triple antigen vaccine administered to children to prevent Diphtheria, Pertussis (Whooping Cough), and Tetanus. It is not used for Polio. | UPPCS (Mains) 2013; U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013; U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010 |
| Typhoid & Cholera | Both are typical examples of waterborne diseases. Cholera is spread by water. Typhoid is caused by bacteria and affects the intestines. | UPPCS (Pre) 2008 |
| Leprosy | Caused by Bacteria (Mycobacterium leprae or M. lepromatosis). | U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010 |
| Dental Caries | Caused by bacterial infection, specifically the interaction between bacteria and carbohydrates in the mouth. | N/A (UPPCS citation not found in direct text) |
| Antibiotics | Penicillin is an example of an antibiotic medicine. | U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2015 |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Malaria | Caused by a Protozoan parasite (Plasmodium). The carrier is the female Anopheles mosquito. Chloroquine is used for treatment. Malaria affects the Blood cells. | U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1998; U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998; UPPCS (Mains) 2008; U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2023 |
| Filariasis (Elephant Foot) | Caused by a Worm. It affects the Lymph node. | U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2023; U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010 |
| Japanese Encephalitis | Keeping pigs away from human settlements helps in the eradication of this disease, as domestic pigs are reservoirs of the virus. | N/A (IAS citation, kept for context of eradication, but excluded year) |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Haemophilia | A hereditary disease resulting in the absence of blood clotting. It is a Genetic disease. | UPPCS (Pre) 2003; UPPCS (Mains) 2007 |
| Down Syndrome | A genetic disorder caused due to changes in the number of the chromosomes. It is also known as Trisomy 21. | N/A (RAS citation, excluded year) |
| Thalassemia | A disease due to a defective gene. | UPPCS (Mains) 2003 |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Iodine Deficiency | Deficiency causes Goitre. | UPPCS (Pre) 2017, 2007; UPPCS (Mains) 2007 |
| Iron Deficiency | Causes Anaemia. | U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007; UPPCS (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015 |
| Diabetes | Caused due to malfunctioning of the Pancreas and lack of the hormone Insulin. | U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2015 |
| Cancer / Treatment | Oncogenes are associated with cancer. Leukaemia (blood cancer) is an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells. Radioisotopes Phosphorus-32 and Cobalt-60 are used to control blood cancer (leukaemia). Arsenic-74 tracer is used to detect tumors. Interferons are used for the control of cancer. | UPPCS (Pre) 2016; UPPCS (Mains) 2012; U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010; U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2017; UPPCS (Mains) 2003; U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2003; U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002; UPPCS (Pre) 2001, 2003 |
| Myopia (Shortsightedness) | Disorder of the Eye. Corrected by concave lens. | UPPCS (Mains) 2013; UPPCS (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015 |
| Hypermetropia (Farsightedness) | Difficulty seeing close objects clearly. Corrected by convex lens. | UPPCS (Pre) 1999 |
| Arthritis/Gout | Caused by the deposition of Uric acid in the joints. High levels of uric acid are characteristic of Gout. | UPPCS (Mains) 2013; UPPCS (Mains) 2009 |
| Blue Baby Syndrome | Due to the presence of excess Methemoglobin in the blood. | U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2021 |
| Silicosis | A Lung disease caused by inhaling tiny bits of silica. | U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007 |
| Cerebral Palsy | A brain disorder generally found in Small children. | UPPCS (Pre) 2014 |
| Cataract | The natural lens becomes cloudy due to a change in Protein. | U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2017 |
| Lithotripsy | Breaking of kidney stones through rays. | UPPCS (Mains) 2010 |
| CPR | Stands for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. | UPPCS (Pre) 2024 |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Yellow Vein Mosaic | A serious disease of Okra. It is caused by the Whitefly. | UPPCS (Mains) 2002, 2016 |
| Tungro virus of rice | Spread by Green leafhoppers. | UPPCS (Mains) 2009 |
| Blackheart of potato | Caused by low availability of oxygen during storage. | UPPCS (Spl.) (Pre) 2008 |
| Khaira Disease | Caused by Zinc deficiency. | UPPCS (Mains) 2005 |
| Red Rot of Sugarcane | Red Rot disease of sugarcane is caused by Fungus. | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2023 |
