Polity · X-Factor Notes
Lokpal and other commissions revision notes for UPPCS Prelims.
High-Yield Revision| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Origin/Model | The earliest democratic institution created for citizen grievance redressal is the Ombudsman (Sweden, 1809). The Indian model of Ombudsman is the Lokpal. | UPPCS (Mains) 2014 |
| Recommendation | The establishment of Lokpal and Lokayukta was recommended by the First Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC). The First ARC (1966-1970) was initially chaired by Morarji Desai. | U.P. R.O./A.R.O. 2017 |
| First Bill | The first Lokpal Bill was presented in the Parliament (4th Lok Sabha) in the year 1968. | UPPCS (Pre) 1998 |
| Lokayukta Establishment | Maharashtra became the first state to establish the institution of Lokayukta (1971). Odisha passed the Act first (1970) but it came into force later (1983). | UPPCS (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015 |
| UP Lokayukta Report | According to the Uttar Pradesh Lokayukta Act 1975, the Lokayukta submits his report to the Governor, who then presents it to both houses of the State Legislature. | U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2007 |
| Lokpal Act | The institution of Lokpal was established for the first time in India by 'The Lokpal and Lokyuktas act, 2013'. | |
| Associated Committees | The Vohra Committee was set up in 1993 to study the problem of the criminalization of Politicians and bureaucrats in India. |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Constitutional Basis | Article 315 deals with the establishment of Public Service Commission for the Union and for the States. | U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2016 |
| Historical Origin | Public Service Commissions were established in India for the first time under the Government of India Act, 1919. | UPPCS (Pre) 2008 |
| Removal of Member |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Human Rights Commission Status | The Human Rights Commission (NHRC/SHRC) is not a Constitutional body. The Protection of Human Rights Act came into force on September 28, 1993. | UPPCS (Mains) 2007 |
| NHRC/SHRC Term | According to the 2019 amendment, the term of the chairman and members of NHRC and SHRC is three years or until the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier. | UPPCS (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015 |
| Special Public Prosecutor |
| Appointments | The Chairman and Members of UPSC are appointed by the President of India. |
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| Annual Report | UPSC submits its annual report on its performance to the President (Article 323), who then lays a copy before Parliament. | U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Pre) 2010 |
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| Expenses | The expenses of a State Public Service Commission (SPSC) are charged on the Consolidated Fund of the State (Article 322). | UPPCS (Pre) 2010 |
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| Joint PSC | A Joint Public Services Commission for two or more States can be established by Parliament if requested by the concerned states. | UPPSC Prelims-2022 |
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| UPSC Functions Source | The UPSC derives its functions from the Constitution, Parliamentary Laws, and Executive Rules and Orders. | UPPSC Prelims-2024 |
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| Hota Committee | The P.C. Hota Committee on Civil Services Reforms was constituted in 2004. | UPPCS (Pre) 2021 |
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| A special public prosecutor for Human Rights courts must have been in practice for not less than 7 years. |
| RTI Act | The Right to Information Act was passed in the year 2005. The Supreme Court stated that RTI is a legal right. | UPPCS (Mains) 2013 |
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| Central Information Commission (CIC) | Originally, the term was 5 years or 65 years. The RTI (Amendment) Act, 2019 allows the Central Government to determine the tenure and salaries/allowances. |
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| National Commission for ST | Provision is under Article 338A, inserted by the 89th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003. | U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010 |
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| Part XVI | Deals with Special provisions for certain classes (Article 330-342). This includes reservation of seats for SC/ST in the House of People (Lok Sabha). | U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017, UPPCS (Spl) (Mains) 2004 |
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| Mandal Commission | Established in 1979 under the Chairmanship of Bhindeshwari Prashad Mandal to identify socially and educationally backward classes. |
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| Constitutional Review Commission | Set up in February 2000, chaired by M.N. Venkatachaliah. The report submitted was of a recommendatory nature. | U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2002, UPPCS (Pre) 2003, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002 |
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| Rajamannar Commission | Recommended the abolition/end of Indian Administrative Services and Indian Police Services. |
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| National Commission for Minorities | Was given statutory status in 1993. |
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