Economy · X-Factor Notes
International Organisations revision notes for UPPCS Prelims.
High-Yield Revision| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| Bretton Woods Conference Outcome | The conference (United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, July 1944) led to the establishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), often called the 'Bretton Woods twins'. | |
| World Bank (WB) Headquarter | Located in Washington, D.C.. | UPPCS (Mains) 2007 |
| World Bank Membership | At present, the IBRD (World Bank) has 189 member countries. | |
| IDA (International Development Association) | A World Bank affiliate that sanctions soft loans. | |
| IMF Function | The primary function is to provide finance to correct equilibrium in the balance of payments. | UPPCS (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2015 |
| IMF Publications | The IMF publishes the ‘World Economic Outlook’ and the ‘Global Financial Stability Report’. | |
| SDR (Special Drawing Right) | An artificial currency created by the IMF. The Chinese renminbi (Yuan) joined the SDR basket in October 2016. | |
| Gold Tranche (Reserve Tranche) | A credit system granted by the IMF to its members, representing the member's unconditional drawing right. | |
| World Development Report | This annual publication is released by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), which is the core of the World Bank Group. | |
| Ease of Doing Business Index | This index is prepared and published by the World Bank Group. |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| WTO (World Trade Organization) | It is the main security guard of international trade and is generally concerned with the regulation of international trade, typically forbidding the use of quantitative restrictions. | UPPCS (Mains) 2017, UPPCS (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2015 |
| WTO Foundation | Commenced operations on January 1, 1995, replacing GATT. It was established by the members of GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). | |
| WTO Headquarters |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| G20 India Presidency | India chaired the G20 forum from December 1, 2022, to November 30, 2023. | |
| SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation) | India became a full member in 2017. The SCO declared Varanasi its first Tourism and Cultural Capital in 2023. | UPPCS RO-ARO 2023 Prelims Exam |
| BRICS Summit |
| Concept | What to remember | Asked in UPPCS |
|---|---|---|
| UNDP Publication | The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) publishes the Human Development Report (HDR). | UPPCS (Pre) 2021, UPPSC Prelims 2024 |
| WEF Publications | Publishes the ‘Global Competitiveness Index’ and the ‘Global Gender Gap Index’. | |
| Global Gender Gap Index Parameters |
| UPPCS (Mains) 2015, U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2014, U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006 |
| SSM (Special Safeguard Mechanism) | A WTO tool that allows developing countries to temporarily raise tariffs to address import surges or price falls. |
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| TRIMs (Trade-Related Investment Measures) | A WTO agreement that restricts preference given to domestic firms and aims to enable international firms to operate more easily in foreign markets. |
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| TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) | Covers forms of Intellectual Property Rights such as Trade Marks, Industrial designs, and Geographical Indications. | U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001 |
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| WTO Collaboration (Food Safety) | Collaborates with the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) regarding the use of international food safety standards for dispute settlements. |
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| New Development Bank (NDB) | K.V. Kamath was the first President of the NDB (or BRICS bank). | UPPCS (Mains) 2015 |
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| SAARC | A regional organization founded in Dhaka in 1986. Its secretariat is located in Kathmandu, Nepal. SAARC is different from global bodies like UNICEF, IMF, and WHO because it is a regional organization. | U.P. Lower Sub (Mains) 2015, UPPCS (Mains) 2002 |
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| Mekong-Ganga Cooperation (MGC) | An initiative of six countries launched in 2000 at Laos. Bangladesh and China are explicitly noted as not being participants. |
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| RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership) | This term is often mentioned in the context of the affairs of the ASEAN group of countries. |
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| Measures gender inequalities across four parameters: Economic participation/opportunity, Educational attainment, Political empowerment, and Health/survival. Leisure is not a parameter. |
| UPPCS (Pre) 2017 |
| World Social Protection Report | Published by the International Labour Organization (ILO). |
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| World Population Report | Released by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). | UPPCS (Pre) 2021 |
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| World Summit on Social Development | The first World Summit (WSSD) was held in Copenhagen in March 1995. | UPPCS (Pre) 2017 |
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